Artificial human DNA study raises ethical questions for society

Researchers from The University of Manchester—in collaboration with the Universities of Granada, Lund, and Oslo—have conducted the first-ever ethical analysis of artificial human DNA.

The study, published in the Journal of Medical Ethics, explores how this emerging technology could impact identity, privacy and even reproduction, raising urgent questions for society.

Artificial human DNA, or synthetic DNA (synDNA), is created by assembling the chemical components of genes in a controlled process. While this technique could revolutionize medicine and biology, it also presents ethical challenges that must be addressed before the technology becomes widespread.

Scientists have already synthesized bacterial genomes and portions of human chromosomes, and future advancements could make it possible to generate entire human genomes in a lab.

The study highlights key concerns about privacy, identity and genetic relationships. If human DNA can be artificially replicated, who owns or controls it? Could it be used without consent? The research also explores how this technology might redefine biological parenthood and reproduction, challenging traditional understandings of genetics and inheritance.

“Our goal is not to take a definitive stance but to spark crucial discussions. SynDNA could profoundly change how we see ourselves and our biological makeup, and it’s essential that we think through the ethical implications now—before the technology becomes fully realized,” says Professor Iain Brassington from the University of Manchester.

Beyond medicine and science, this research has real-world implications for everyday people. If synDNA is widely adopted, it could lead to groundbreaking medical treatments and innovations, such as designing genes to combat hereditary diseases.

However, it also raises concerns about genetic privacy, ownership, and potential misuse. Could individuals’ genetic information be recreated without their permission? How might this affect legal rights or personal identity?

The researchers emphasize the need for governments, policymakers and scientists to collaborate on ethical guidelines to ensure responsible development and use of synDNA. By addressing these issues now, society can prepare for the transformative impact this technology may have on health care, reproduction and human identity itself.